IKT - en resurs för lärande? Sett ur ett elevperspektiv

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka på vilket sätt eleverna på ekonomilinjen på gymnasiet lär sig med och utan IKT och vilken IKT som skulle kunna främja deras lärande inom ämnet företagsekonomi. I studien undersöks hur IKT kan kopplas till lärande och på vilket sätt det kan vara ett stöd i undervisningen för att stödja elevernas inlärning inom företagsekonomi - sett ur ett elevperspektiv. De teoretiska verktygen i denna studie är två teorier om pedagogik och lärande - Deweys pragmatism och det sociokulturella perspektivet. Denna studie har inspirerats av en fenomenografisk forskningsansats, vilket bland annat innebär att datainsamlingen har skett utan någon teori för ögonen. Som metod för datainsamlingen har författaren gjort deltagarobservationer vid två olika workshop. Studien visar att eleverna är delaktiga i sitt lärande och att de söker svar främst inom skolans värld men även via olika IKT i deras sociala närmiljö. Studien visade på att sociala medier och mobiler i skolan var ett störande moment för elevernas inlärning. Likaså påverkar det personliga välbefinnandet elevernas inlärning. Varvid mobiler och sociala medier utgjorde en del i den stress som påverkade välbefinnandet. Resultaten i studien gav också tillhanda att datorer är det främsta digitala verktyget som eleverna helst kopplar till undervisningen inom ämnet företagsekonomi. Vilken IKT som användes i undervisningen var dock inte det viktiga utan det viktiga var att de var enkla att använda och hur de kopplades till undervisningen. Eleverna i studien efterlyste en IKT som kunde fungera som ett samarbetsverktyg i undervisningen där eleverna kunde stödja varandra inom ämnet företagsekonomi under pedagogisk ledning av läraren.The purpose of this studie is to examine how students of the economic program in high school are learning, with and whithout ICT, and whether or not ICT could promote their learning in Business studies. The study examines how ICT can be linked to learning and how it can be an aid in teaching to support student learning in business studies – seen from a student perspective. The theoretical tools in this study are two theories of teaching – Dewey’s pragmatism and the socio-cultural perspective. This study was inspired by a phenomenographical research approach, which means that data collection has taken place without any theory at hand to avoid any interpretation in advance. As method of data collection, the author has made participatory observations in two different workshops. The study shows that students are involved in their learning and are looking for answers primarely in the world of education but also through various ICT in their social environment. Further the study showed that social media and cell phones in school were disturbing the students in their learning process. The study also showed that cell phones and social media were partly responcible for the stress the students felt, which affected their well-being, which in turn may affect their learning capabilities. The results of the study, also provided that computers are the prefered digital tool (ICT) that students would prefer in teaching the subject business studies. Which ICT used in teaching, however, was not that important. It was more important that the ICT used was easy to use and how it was linked to education. Students in the study called for an ICT that could act as a collaboration tool or platform in teaching where students were able to support each other in business studies in educational guidance of the teacher

To Alfred Deakin

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links fieldOBJECTIVE: To assess acute cardiorespiratory effects of recruitment manoeuvres in experimental acute lung injury. DESIGN: Experimental study in animal models of acute lung injury. SETTING: Experimental laboratory at a University Medical Centre. ANIMALS: Ten pigs with bronchoalveolar lavage and eight pigs with endotoxin-induced ALI. INTERVENTIONS: Two kinds of recruitment manoeuvres during 1 min; a) vital capacity manoeuvres (ViCM) consisting in a sustained inflation at 30 cmH(2)O and 40 cmH(2)O; b) manoeuvres obtained during ongoing pressure-controlled ventilation (PCRM) with peak airway pressure 30 cmH(2)O, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 15 and peak airway pressure 40, PEEP 20. Recruitment manoeuvres were repeated after volume expansion (dextran 8 ml/kg). Oxygenation, mean arterial, and pulmonary artery pressures, aortic, mesenteric, and renal blood flow were monitored. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Lower pressure recruitment manoeuvres (ViCM30 and PCRM30/15) did not significantly improve oxygenation. With ViCM and PCRM at peak airway pressure 40 cmH(2)O, PaO(2) increased to similar levels in both lavage and endotoxin groups. Aortic blood flow was reduced from baseline during PCRM40/20 and ViCM40 by 57+/-3% and 61+/-6% in the lavage group and by 57+/-8% and 82+/-7% (P<0.05 vs PCRM40/20) in endotoxin group. The decrease in blood pressure was less pronounced. Prior volume expansion attenuated circulatory impairment. After cessation of recruitment hemodynamic parameters were restored within 3 min. CONCLUSION: Effective recruitment resulted in systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, and decrease in aortic blood flow especially in endotoxinemic animals. Circulatory depression may be attenuated using recruitment manoeuvres during ongoing pressure-controlled ventilation and by prior volume expansion

The dynostatic algorithm accurately calculates alveolar pressure on-line during ventilator treatment in children

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links fieldBACKGROUND: Monitoring of respiratory mechanics during ventilator treatment in paediatric intensive care is currently based on pressure and flow measurements in the ventilator or at the Y-piece. The characteristics of the tracheal tube will modify the pressures affecting the airways and alveoli in an unpredictable manner. The dynostatic algorithm (DSA), based on a one-compartment lung model, calculates the alveolar pressure during on-going ventilation. The DSA is based on accurate measurement of tracheal pressure. The purpose of this study was to test the validity of the DSA in a paediatric lung model and to apply the concept in an observational clinical study in children. METHODS: We validated the DSA in a paediatric lung model with linear, nonlinear pressure flow and frequency-dependent characteristics by comparing calculated dynostatic (alveolar) pressures with directly measured alveolar pressures in the model and proximal plateau pressure with maximum alveolar pressure. Sixty combinations of ventilation modes, positive end expiratory pressures, inspiratory : expiratory ratios, volumes and frequencies were studied. A 0.25-mm fibreoptic pressure transducer in the tube lumen was used in combination with volume and flow from ventilator signals. Clinical measurements were performed in eight patients during anaesthesia and postoperative ventilator treatment. RESULTS: In the lung model we found a correlation coefficient between calculated and measured alveolar pressure of 0.93-0.99 with root mean square median values of 1 cm H2O. Distal plateau pressure agreed well with maximum alveolar pressure. In the clinical situation, the algorithm provided a breath-by-breath display of the volume-dependent lung compliance and the temporal course of alveolar pressure during uninterrupted ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Fibreoptic measurement of tracheal pressure in combination with the dynostatic calculation of alveolar pressure provides an on-line monitoring of the effects of ventilatory mode in terms of volume-dependent compliance, tracheal peak pressure and true positive end expiratory pressure